View from Dublin: A “wait and see” approach
Ireland’s calculus on sanctions is informed by its economic ties to Russia and its need to forge stronger EU ties ahead of a potential Brexit
View from London: Elections approach, Ukraine looms
The UK supports sanctions, but the Ukraine crisis has become a political football in the campaign for the upcoming general elections
View from Warsaw: Sanctions are the EU’s only tool
Poland is more moderate on Russia policy than hawks might have hoped, preferring the use of sanctions to any military option
View from Vienna: Austria is again on the sceptical side
Austria is still sceptical about sanctions, but it will not challenge the bigger EU states without support
View from Berlin: Germany leads the EU on Russia sanctions
Merkel's tireless diplomacy has made Germany the driver of EU policy on sanctions
View from Bratislava: Slovakia changes course on Russia
Slovakia has taken steps to diversify its economic interests away from Russia, which has altered its calculus on sanctions
View from Rome: Sanctions should be accompanied by dialogue
Italy has been hard hit by sanctions on Russia, but it has held the European line, while still promoting further dialogue
View from Madrid: Spain’s balancing act on sanctions
Spain’s approach to sanctions against Russia has shifted as the crisis over Ukraine has escalated
Ukraine’s gas “federalisation”
Gazprom is supplying gas directly to Ukraine’s breakaway regions and the dispute with Ukraine threatens Ukraine’s future territorial integrity
Crisis diplomacy and the Russian-Ukrainian war
Germany needs to square the circle between domestic demands for restraint and isolationism and the increasing responsibilities of European leadership