Brexit: Responses

The revenge of the countryside

Europe must narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, otherwise radical populists will continue to flourish in neglected communities

Brexit: A game of bluff

Size does not necessarily equal strength, and the European Union has holes in its strategy

Boris Johnson the Counter-Revolutionary

Johnson did more than anyone to bury Britain’s European future; but his ultra-flexibility may yet prove to be its salvation

Europe seen from the outside – the British view

The next phase of European integration must engage with – and provide safeguards against – the dark side of interdependence. Otherwise Brexit will be just the beginning.

In this collection, ECFR's experts respond to Britain's 'out' vote and discuss what Europe should do next.