View from Warsaw: Sanctions are the EU’s only tool
Poland is more moderate on Russia policy than hawks might have hoped, preferring the use of sanctions to any military option
Poland is more moderate on Russia policy than hawks might have hoped, preferring the use of sanctions to any military option
Austria is still sceptical about sanctions, but it will not challenge the bigger EU states without support
Merkel's tireless diplomacy has made Germany the driver of EU policy on sanctions
Slovakia has taken steps to diversify its economic interests away from Russia, which has altered its calculus on sanctions
Italy has been hard hit by sanctions on Russia, but it has held the European line, while still promoting further dialogue
Bulgaria is divided on policy towards Russia, with security interests at the heart of its dilemma
Spain’s approach to sanctions against Russia has shifted as the crisis over Ukraine has escalated
Gazprom is supplying gas directly to Ukraine’s breakaway regions and the dispute with Ukraine threatens Ukraine’s future territorial integrity
Germany needs to square the circle between domestic demands for restraint and isolationism and the increasing responsibilities of European leadership
The situation in Ukraine has echoes of the end of the Bosnian War, as Kyiv faces the dilemma of whether or not to accept a quasi-independent Donbas in the east