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European Council on Foreign Relations

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      • Africa

        The Africa programme analyses the geopolitics of the Africa-Europe relationship. In particular, the programme delves into relations between the African Union and the European Union to find creative foreign policy tools and strategies. It also focuses on two regions that are particularly relevant for Europe: the Horn of Africa and the Sahel.

        Highlights from Africa

        • Sudan
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    • Asia
      • Asia

        The Asia programme seeks to help Europe recalibrate its relationship with China and its Asian partners. The programme analyses China’s domestic situation, its role in the region, and its increasing global influence. It also places a renewed emphasis on fostering Europe’s relationships with the Indo-Pacific, especially India and Japan.

        Highlights from Asia

        • China
        • India
        • Japan
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      • European Power

        The European Power programme is focused on helping Europeans develop sustainable policy solutions to the issues affecting the European Union’s capacity to act with unity on the global scene. This includes analysing the path forward for enlargement, the energy transition, and European support for Ukraine.

        Highlights from European Power

        • Charting the Long War
        • Climate
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        • European cohesion
        • European sovereignty
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      • Middle East and North Africa

        The Middle East and North Africa programme seeks to support a coherent European agenda in pursuit of regional interests. The programme works with European and regional governments, local voices, and civil society to advance channels of dialogue as well as providing direct policy prescriptions to secure conflict de-escalation, regional stabilisation, and democratic transition.

        Highlights from Middle East and North Africa

        • Israel-Palestine
        • The Gulf
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    • United StatesNew
      • United States

        The US programme helps Europeans create policy responses to developments in US domestic politics and foreign policy. The programme seeks to strengthen transatlantic relations by exploring the obstacles to a more balanced partnership and developing ideas to overcome them.

        Highlights from United States

        • US foreign policy
        • US domestic politics
        • Transatlantic relations
    • Wider Europe
      • Wider Europe

        The Wider Europe programme aims to help the European Union defend its interests and values in the Western Balkans, Turkey, Russia, and eastern Europe, as well as the South Caucasus and central Asia. The programme also supports EU decision-makers work on a unified and coherent policy to address the challenges resulting from Russia’s full scale-invasion of Ukraine.

        Highlights from Wider Europe

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        • Western Balkans
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Highlights

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Latest

Expansion in the shadows: The dangers of Israeli aggression in the West Bank

  • Tahani Mustafa

Disinformation for beginners: How access to TikTok is threatening European security

  • Stephanie Niedenhoff

Featured

Preventing the next war: A European plan for Ukraine

  • Camille Grand, Jana Kobzova, Nicu Popescu
  • Policy Brief

Together with the Ukrainians, Europeans should begin—now—to draw up a “beyond the horizon” plan for Ukraine in readiness for a ceasefire or even a peace deal

Enough is enough: Europe needs to oppose Israel’s aggression

  • Julien Barnes-Dacey, Ellie Geranmayeh, Hugh Lovatt
  • Commentary
  • 5 minute read

Israel has become the Middle East’s leading destabiliser, threatening key European interests. Europe must avoid making the same mistakes that led to the 2003 Iraq invasion, prioritise diplomacy and urge the US not to get entangled in a war with Iran

How to arm a pacifist: Lessons from Ukraine for the EU’s defence

  • Dmytro Kuleba
  • Policy Brief

EU leaders have to learn lessons from Ukraine if they want to be truly ready to take responsibility for Europe’s security

Europe must act now to prevent a major war between Israel and Iran

  • Ellie Geranmayeh
  • Commentary
  • 4 minute read

Israel’s unprecedented strikes across Iran have shattered nuclear diplomacy and paved the way for regional war. As America scrambles to respond, Europeans can help curb dangerous escalation

Upcoming events

23 Jun

Defence without America? What Europeans are (and aren’t) ready for 

  • 23 June 2025
  • Online
27 Jun

Annual Council Meeting 2025

  • 27 June 2025
  • ECFR Warsaw

Recent events

18 Jun

The New Age of American Foreign Policy

  • 18 June 2025
  • ECFR London
3 Jun

AI and the Rise of Great Powers

  • 3 June 2025
  • Online

Mark Leonard's World in 30 minutes

What to expect from the conflict between Israel and Iran

  • Podcast
  • Mark Leonard's World in 30 minutes

Mark Leonard welcomes Ellie Geranmayeh and Eran Etzion to unpack the latest developments in the conflict between Iran and Israel

Listen

Mark Leonard's World in 30 minutes

Doves and hawks: Foreign policy in the second Trump age

  • Podcast
  • Mark Leonard's World in 30 minutes

Mark Leonard welcomes Dan Caldwell and Curt Mills to talk Trump’s foreign policy—and the key influences shaping it

Listen

Views from the Council

Reasons to be optimistic: European strengths in the global financial landscape

  • Kalin Anev Janse
  • Commentary
  • View from the Council
  • 3 minute read

Investors are demonstrating confidence in the European approach embodied in flagship initiatives from the EU

Untying the Hungarian knot: Why the EU might stop spoiling the spoiler state

  • Tibor Dessewffy
  • Commentary
  • View from the Council
  • 4 minute read

Orban’s latest defiance of EU values—the banning of Pride—comes as Hungary’s economy flails, the opposition gains, and Washington will no longer oppose. It could be the push the EU needs to figure out how to work around Budapest

In the Media - Council

Carl Bildt
CNN 13 February 2025

Carl Bildt on Ukraine imposed sanctions on former president and opposition politician Petro Poroshenko

Dagens Nyheter 3 February 2025

Mark Leonard, Ivan Krastev, and Timothy Garton Ash on ECFR’s latest global survey

The Irish Times 26 January 2025

Mark Leonard, Ivan Krastev, and Timothy Garton Ash on ECFR’s latest global survey

RTBF 21 January 2025

Mark Leonard, Timothy Garton Ash and Ivan Krastev on ECFR’s latest global survey on Trump’s return to the White House

Featured and flagship projects

The Data Collection

Explore our open-access data platform for unparalleled access to ECFR’s public opinion polls—empowering research and insight on today’s key foreign policy issues.

Featured

Transatlantic twilight: European public opinion and the long shadow of Trump

  • Jana Puglierin, Arturo Varvelli, Pawel Zerka

Re:Engage

This project helps the EU in refining its foreign policy, re-engaging neighbours post-Russia's invasion of Ukraine to bolster regional resilience and advance enlargement policies.

Featured

The interest of values: The EU’s democracy promotion in the Western Balkans and the eastern neighbourhood

  • Piotr Buras, Marie Dumoulin, Tefta Kelmendi, Marlene Marx

Re:Order

Re:Order project explores emerging visions of the global order, as well as the interplay between economic might and geopolitical influence.

Featured

Re:Order: The world after the West | podcast series

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Latest

Expansion in the shadows: The dangers of Israeli aggression in the West Bank

  • Tahani Mustafa
  • Commentary
  • 6 minute read

As Europeans focus on Israel’s intensifying conflict with Iran, the country is continuing its expansionist project in the West Bank, jeopardising any remaining chance for a two-state solution

Disinformation for beginners: How access to TikTok is threatening European security

  • Stephanie Niedenhoff
  • Commentary
  • 5 minute read

TikTok is helping facilitate the spread of disinformation and enhancing cyber security threats throughout Europe. The EU should implement a four-step strategy to mitigate any nefarious impacts of the social media platform on its democratic process and security

Green business partners: Why Europe should invest in climate-led companies in Africa

  • Sidonie Kouam
  • Commentary
  • 4 minute read

European investment in Africa should focus on climate-smart business. This will develop the continent’s resilient infrastructure, secure job creation and support sustainable food systems—while strengthening Europe’s hand amid geopolitical turbulence

Rise to the challengers: Europe’s populist parties and its foreign policy future

  • Jeremy Cliffe, Teresa Coratella, Camille Lons, Arturo Varvelli
  • Policy Brief

An array of populist parties are challenging Europe’s foreign policy mainstream. To secure European sovereignty, its politicians need to adapt—which means preparing for a variety of future diplomatic scenarios

Litmus test: How to tell whether the Trump administration is serious about peace in Ukraine

  • Jim O’Brien
  • Commentary
  • 5 minute read

European allies should urge the US government to use its unexploited sources of leverage over Russia—and learn from whether it does

LA falling: What Trump’s anti-immigration push means for transatlantic democracy 

  • Mireia Faro Sarrats
  • Policy Alert
  • 2 minute read

Donald Trump has deployed the National Guard after mass protests against his immigration policy in LA. Europeans should be wary of his drift towards authoritarianism—and to not get caught up in the furore

In the media

Our experts are available for media requests. Our work involves many issues relating to Europe and foreign policy, and our programmes focus on Africa, Asia, the Middle East & North Africa, and Wider Europe.

All our experts Newsroom
Il Sole 24 ore 20 June 2025

Maddalena Procopio and Corrado ÄŒok on multi-level cooperation between Italy, the Gulf and Africa

Ellie Geranmayeh
Financial Times 20 June 2025

Ellie Geranmayeh on the implosion of Iran’s ‘no war, no peace’ strategy

Camille Grand
La Repubblica 19 June 2025

Camille Grand on Europe’s exclusion from US negotiations in the Middle East

Alberto Rizzi
CNBC 18 June 2025

Alberto Rizzi on U.S.-EU Trade Deal

Emily Tasinato
Start Magazine 18 June 2025

Emily Tasinato on the role of Gulf countries in the light of the war between Israel and Iran

Ellie Geranmayeh
The Wall Street Journal 18 June 2025

Ellie Geranmayeh on the effect of Israeli strikes on Iran’s autocractic regime

More on Africa

Long walk to realism: Climate cooperation to reset EU-South Africa relations

  • Arina Muresan, Sanusha Naidu
  • Policy Brief

The EU and South Africa should accept political differences and pursue a pragmatic partnership, mutually strengthening economic and climate ties—using South Africa’s energy transition as the decisive test of this balance


Back from the brink: How European support could prevent another Ethiopia-Eritrea war

  • Corrado ÄŒok
  • Commentary
  • 6 minute read

The other counter-offensive: Ukraine’s diplomatic push in Africa

  • Suzanne Tisserand
  • Commentary
  • 5 minute read

More on Asia

Electric shock: The Chinese threat to Europe’s industrial heartland

  • Jakub Jakóbowski, Janka Oertel
  • Policy Brief

The industrial heartland of Germany and central Europe is at risk from the second “China shock”. Here is how decision-makers can save industry and avert social and political strife


Caught in the crossfire: Why the EU and India must collaborate on clean technology

  • Byford Tsang
  • Commentary
  • 3 minute read

Strait talking: What’s behind China’s military drills around Taiwan

  • Estelle Huang
  • Commentary
  • 4 minute read

More on European Power

Rise to the challengers: Europe’s populist parties and its foreign policy future

  • Jeremy Cliffe, Teresa Coratella, Camille Lons, Arturo Varvelli
  • Policy Brief

An array of populist parties are challenging Europe’s foreign policy mainstream. To secure European sovereignty, its politicians need to adapt—which means preparing for a variety of future diplomatic scenarios


Caught in the crossfire: Why the EU and India must collaborate on clean technology

  • Byford Tsang
  • Commentary
  • 3 minute read

The long game: How Europeans can shape the outcome of Ukraine-Russia talks

  • Jana Kobzova, Nicu Popescu
  • Commentary
  • 4 minute read

More on Middle East and North Africa

Anatomy of a chokepoint: Mapping power and conflict in the Red Sea

  • Camille Lons
  • Special

This ECFR project maps the Red Sea region as a nexus of conflict, regional rivalries and global power plays. To address the risks of this instability, Europeans need to develop a more comprehensive approach


Border bargains only borrow time: How Europe can stop its Tunisia rot

  • Tarek Megerisi
  • Commentary
  • 5 minute read

How Europe can influence Trump’s deal-making with Iran

  • Ellie Geranmayeh, Majda Ruge
  • Commentary
  • 7 minute read

More on United States

MAGA goes global: Trump’s plan for Europe

  • Célia Belin
  • Policy Brief

Form exists in the frenzy of Donald Trump’s first months back in power. His foreign policy is his domestic agenda exported—and that is bad news for Europe


The bully’s pulpit: Finding patterns in Trump’s use of military force

  • Jeremy Shapiro
  • Commentary
  • 5 minute read

Cards on the table: Why the EU should negotiate Trump’s tariffs in three phases

  • Tobias Gehrke
  • Commentary
  • 4 minute read

More on Wider Europe

The bear beneath the ice: Russia’s ambitions in the Arctic

  • Mikhail Komin, Joanna Hosa
  • Policy Brief

Russia is rapidly developing—and militarising—its Arctic territory as a strategic priority, even amid its war on Ukraine. Add Trump’s coveting of Greenland to the mix, and the next confrontation in Europe could be in its High North


The long game: How Europeans can shape the outcome of Ukraine-Russia talks

  • Jana Kobzova, Nicu Popescu
  • Commentary
  • 4 minute read

The perpetual horizon: Armenia, Azerbaijan and prospects for peace

  • Marie Dumoulin
  • Commentary
  • 5 minute read
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